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Macrophage-derived cathepsin B disrupts intestinal tight junctions through occludin degradation and promotes alcohol-associated liver disease. J Hepatol. 2026 Feb 05. Fondevila MF, Kreimeyer H, Hsu CL, Tamargo-Azpilicueta J, Day LZ, Gritsenko M, Attah K, Cabré N, Harberts A, Tonetti FR, Yang Y, Yamazaki T, Schöler D, Eguileor A, Blasio C, Meijnikman AS, Zhang X, Garcia-Carbonell R, Hook V, Zhou E, Sun Z, Jacobs JM, Turner JR, Llorente C, AlcHepNet Investigators, Glass CK, Stärkel P, Reinheckel T, Diaz-Moreno I, Gonzalez DJ, Schnabl B. PMID: 41654223.
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Regulation of granin neuropeptide gene expression in human brain during development. Front Mol Neurosci. 2025; 18:1666795. Demsey LL, Podvin S, Hook V. PMID: 41409785; PMCID: PMC12706669.
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Atomoxetine Drug Properties for Repurposing as a Candidate Alzheimer's Disease Therapeutic Agent. ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci. 2025 Nov 14; 8(11):3757-3772. Demsey LL, Burch D, Lin E, Quach D, Podvin S, Boyarko B, Levey AI, Weinshenker D, Edland S, Galasko D, Jacobs H, Bang A, Neil A, Silverman J, Feldman HH, Hook V. PMID: 41262573; PMCID: PMC12624433.
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Neutral pH-Selective Inhibition of Cytosolic Cathepsin B: A Novel Drug Targeting Strategy for Traumatic Brain Injury and Alzheimer's Disease. ACS Chem Biol. 2025 Aug 15; 20(8):1841-1848. Hook V, Podvin S, Yoon MC, Phan VV, Florio J, Spencer B, Mosier C, Cheng A, Ahuett S, Almaliti J, Gerwick WH, Rissman RA, O'Donoghue AJ. PMID: 40700403; PMCID: PMC12362428.
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Dysregulation of huntingtin interacting protein networks in human juvenile Huntington's disease brain. J Huntingtons Dis. 2025 Nov; 14(4):354-368. Podvin S, Rosenthal B, Mosier C, Wei E, Fisch KM, Hook V. PMID: 40702852; PMCID: PMC12602727.
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Activation of Cytosolic Cathepsin B Activity in the Brain by Traumatic Brain Injury and Inhibition by the Neutral pH Selective Inhibitor Probe Z-Arg-Lys-AOMK. ACS Chem Neurosci. 2025 Apr 02; 16(7):1297-1308. Podvin S, Florio J, Spencer B, Mante M, Guzman E, Arias C, Mosier C, Phan VV, Yoon MC, Almaliti J, O'Donoghue AJ, Gerwick WH, Rissman RA, Hook V. PMID: 40130579; PMCID: PMC11969537.
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Challenges and Opportunities for Consideration of Efavirenz Drug Repurposing for Alzheimer's Disease Therapeutics. ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci. 2024 Oct 11; 7(10):2924-2935. Boyarko B, Podvin S, Greenberg B, Arnold S, Juanes AM, van der Kant R, Goldstein L, Momper JD, Bang A, Silverman J, Feldman HH, Hook V. PMID: 39421657; PMCID: PMC11480897.
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Human iN neuronal model of schizophrenia displays dysregulation of chromogranin B and related neuropeptide transmitter signatures. Mol Psychiatry. 2024 May; 29(5):1440-1449. Podvin S, Jones J, Kang A, Goodman R, Reed P, Lietz CB, Then J, Lee KC, Eyler LT, Jeste DV, Gage FH, Hook V. PMID: 38302561; PMCID: PMC11189816.
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Emerging evidence for dysregulated proteome cargoes of tau-propagating extracellular vesicles driven by familial mutations of tau and presenilin. Extracell Vesicles Circ Nucl Acids. 2023; 4(4):588-598. Hook V, Podvin S, Mosier C, Boyarko B, Seyffert L, Stringer H, Rissman RA. PMID: 38125374; PMCID: PMC10732590.
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Evaluation of bumetanide as a potential therapeutic agent for Alzheimer's disease. Front Pharmacol. 2023; 14:1190402. Boyarko B, Podvin S, Greenberg B, Momper JD, Huang Y, Gerwick WH, Bang AG, Quinti L, Griciuc A, Kim DY, Tanzi RE, Feldman HH, Hook V. PMID: 37601062; PMCID: PMC10436590.
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Distinct Cleavage Properties of Cathepsin B Compared to Cysteine Cathepsins Enable the Design and Validation of a Specific Substrate for Cathepsin B over a Broad pH Range. Biochemistry. 2023 08 01; 62(15):2289-2300. Yoon MC, Phan V, Podvin S, Mosier C, O'Donoghue AJ, Hook V. PMID: 37459182; PMCID: PMC10399199.
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Dysregulation of Human Juvenile Huntington's Disease Brain Proteomes in Cortex and Putamen Involves Mitochondrial and Neuropeptide Systems. J Huntingtons Dis. 2023; 12(4):315-333. Podvin S, Mosier C, Poon W, Wei E, Rossitto LA, Hook V. PMID: 38108356.
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Cathepsin B Deficiency Improves Memory Deficits and Reduces Amyloid-β in hAβPP Mouse Models Representing the Major Sporadic Alzheimer's Disease Condition. J Alzheimers Dis. 2023; 93(1):33-46. Hook G, Kindy M, Hook V. PMID: 36970896; PMCID: PMC10185432.
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Cathepsin B Dipeptidyl Carboxypeptidase and Endopeptidase Activities Demonstrated across a Broad pH Range. Biochemistry. 2022 09 06; 61(17):1904-1914. Yoon MC, Hook V, O'Donoghue AJ. PMID: 35981509; PMCID: PMC9454093.
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Discovery of pH-Selective Marine and Plant Natural Product Inhibitors of Cathepsin B Revealed by Screening at Acidic and Neutral pH Conditions. ACS Omega. 2022 Jul 26; 7(29):25346-25352. Phan VV, Mosier C, Yoon MC, Glukhov E, Caffrey CR, O'Donoghue AJ, Gerwick WH, Hook V. PMID: 35910167; PMCID: PMC9330179.
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Cathepsin B Gene Knockout Improves Behavioral Deficits and Reduces Pathology in Models of Neurologic Disorders. Pharmacol Rev. 2022 07; 74(3):600-629. Hook G, Reinheckel T, Ni J, Wu Z, Kindy M, Peters C, Hook V. PMID: 35710131; PMCID: PMC9553114.
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Dysregulation of Neuropeptide and Tau Peptide Signatures in Human Alzheimer's Disease Brain. ACS Chem Neurosci. 2022 07 06; 13(13):1992-2005. Podvin S, Jiang Z, Boyarko B, Rossitto LA, O'Donoghue A, Rissman RA, Hook V. PMID: 35758417; PMCID: PMC9264367.
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Molecular Features of CA-074 pH-Dependent Inhibition of Cathepsin B. Biochemistry. 2022 02 15; 61(4):228-238. Yoon MC, Christy MP, Phan VV, Gerwick WH, Hook G, O'Donoghue AJ, Hook V. PMID: 35119840; PMCID: PMC9096814.
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Distinct Dibasic Cleavage Specificities of Neuropeptide-Producing Cathepsin L and Cathepsin V Cysteine Proteases Compared to PC1/3 and PC2 Serine Proteases. ACS Chem Neurosci. 2022 01 19; 13(2):245-256. Yoon MC, Ames J, Mosier C, Jiang Z, Podvin S, O'Donoghue AJ, Hook V. PMID: 34986304; PMCID: PMC9070308.
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Mutant Huntingtin Protein Interaction Map Implicates Dysregulation of Multiple Cellular Pathways in Neurodegeneration of Huntington's Disease. J Huntingtons Dis. 2022; 11(3):243-267. Podvin S, Rosenthal SB, Poon W, Wei E, Fisch KM, Hook V. PMID: 35871359; PMCID: PMC9484122.
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Multi-omics of human plasma reveals molecular features of dysregulated inflammation and accelerated aging in schizophrenia. Mol Psychiatry. 2022 02; 27(2):1217-1225. Campeau A, Mills RH, Stevens T, Rossitto LA, Meehan M, Dorrestein P, Daly R, Nguyen TT, Gonzalez DJ, Jeste DV, Hook V. PMID: 34741130; PMCID: PMC9054664.
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Potent Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Activity by the Natural Product Gallinamide A and Analogues via Inhibition of Cathepsin L. J Med Chem. 2022 02 24; 65(4):2956-2970. Ashhurst AS, Tang AH, Fajtová P, Yoon MC, Aggarwal A, Bedding MJ, Stoye A, Beretta L, Pwee D, Drelich A, Skinner D, Li L, Meek TD, McKerrow JH, Hook V, Tseng CT, Larance M, Turville S, Gerwick WH, O'Donoghue AJ, Payne RJ. PMID: 34730959; PMCID: PMC8577376.
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Human Tau Isoforms and Proteolysis for Production of Toxic Tau Fragments in Neurodegeneration. Front Neurosci. 2021; 15:702788. Boyarko B, Hook V. PMID: 34744602; PMCID: PMC8566764.
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Selective Neutral pH Inhibitor of Cathepsin B Designed Based on Cleavage Preferences at Cytosolic and Lysosomal pH Conditions. ACS Chem Biol. 2021 09 17; 16(9):1628-1643. Yoon MC, Solania A, Jiang Z, Christy MP, Podvin S, Mosier C, Lietz CB, Ito G, Gerwick WH, Wolan DW, Hook G, O'Donoghue AJ, Hook V. PMID: 34416110; PMCID: PMC9104225.
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Differential Neuropeptidomes of Dense Core Secretory Vesicles (DCSV) Produced at Intravesicular and Extracellular pH Conditions by Proteolytic Processing. ACS Chem Neurosci. 2021 07 07; 12(13):2385-2398. Jiang Z, Lietz CB, Podvin S, Yoon MC, Toneff T, Hook V, O'Donoghue AJ. PMID: 34153188; PMCID: PMC8267839.
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Mutant Presenilin 1 Dysregulates Exosomal Proteome Cargo Produced by Human-Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell Neurons. ACS Omega. 2021 May 25; 6(20):13033-13056. Podvin S, Jones A, Liu Q, Aulston B, Mosier C, Ames J, Winston C, Lietz CB, Jiang Z, O'Donoghue AJ, Ikezu T, Rissman RA, Yuan SH, Hook V. PMID: 34056454; PMCID: PMC8158845.
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A Clinical-Stage Cysteine Protease Inhibitor blocks SARS-CoV-2 Infection of Human and Monkey Cells. ACS Chem Biol. 2021 04 16; 16(4):642-650. Mellott DM, Tseng CT, Drelich A, Fajtová P, Chenna BC, Kostomiris DH, Hsu J, Zhu J, Taylor ZW, Kocurek KI, Tat V, Katzfuss A, Li L, Giardini MA, Skinner D, Hirata K, Yoon MC, Beck S, Carlin AF, Clark AE, Beretta L, Maneval D, Hook V, Frueh F, Hurst BL, Wang H, Raushel FM, O'Donoghue AJ, de Siqueira-Neto JL, Meek TD, McKerrow JH. PMID: 33787221.
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Synapsin-caveolin-1 gene therapy preserves neuronal and synaptic morphology and prevents neurodegeneration in a mouse model of AD. Mol Ther Methods Clin Dev. 2021 Jun 11; 21:434-450. Wang S, Leem JS, Podvin S, Hook V, Kleschevnikov N, Savchenko P, Dhanani M, Zhou K, Kelly IC, Zhang T, Miyanohara A, Nguyen P, Kleschevnikov A, Wagner SL, Trojanowski JQ, Roth DM, Patel HH, Patel PM, Head BP. PMID: 33981778; PMCID: PMC8065227.
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Potent in vitro anti-SARS-CoV-2 activity by gallinamide A and analogues via inhibition of cathepsin L. bioRxiv. 2020 Dec 24. Ashhurst AS, Tang AH, Fajtová P, Yoon M, Aggarwal A, Stoye A, Larance M, Beretta L, Drelich A, Skinner D, Li L, Meek TD, McKerrow JH, Hook V, Tseng CK, Turville S, Gerwick WH, O'Donoghue AJ, Payne RJ. PMID: 33398273; PMCID: PMC7781308.
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High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry-Based Approaches for the Detection and Quantification of Peptidase Activity in Plasma. Molecules. 2020 Sep 06; 25(18). Maffioli E, Jiang Z, Nonnis S, Negri A, Romeo V, Lietz CB, Hook V, Ristagno G, Baselli G, Kistler EB, Aletti F, O'Donoghue AJ, Tedeschi G. PMID: 32899982; PMCID: PMC7571063.
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Cathepsin B inhibition blocks neurite outgrowth in cultured neurons by regulating lysosomal trafficking and remodeling. J Neurochem. 2020 11; 155(3):300-312. Jiang M, Meng J, Zeng F, Qing H, Hook G, Hook V, Wu Z, Ni J. PMID: 32330298; PMCID: PMC7581626.
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Cathepsin B in neurodegeneration of Alzheimer's disease, traumatic brain injury, and related brain disorders. Biochim Biophys Acta Proteins Proteom. 2020 08; 1868(8):140428. Hook V, Yoon M, Mosier C, Ito G, Podvin S, Head BP, Rissman R, O'Donoghue AJ, Hook G. PMID: 32305689; PMCID: PMC7261628.
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Dysregulation of Exosome Cargo by Mutant Tau Expressed in Human-induced Pluripotent Stem Cell (iPSC) Neurons Revealed by Proteomics Analyses. Mol Cell Proteomics. 2020 06; 19(6):1017-1034. Podvin S, Jones A, Liu Q, Aulston B, Ransom L, Ames J, Shen G, Lietz CB, Jiang Z, O'Donoghue AJ, Winston C, Ikezu T, Rissman RA, Yuan S, Hook V. PMID: 32295833; PMCID: PMC7261814.
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Penetrating Traumatic Brain Injury Triggers Dysregulation of Cathepsin B Protein Levels Independent of Cysteine Protease Activity in Brain and Cerebral Spinal Fluid. J Neurotrauma. 2020 07 01; 37(13):1574-1586. Boutté AM, Hook V, Thangavelu B, Sarkis GA, Abbatiello BN, Hook G, Jacobsen JS, Robertson CS, Gilsdorf J, Yang Z, Wang KKW, Shear DA. PMID: 31973644; PMCID: PMC7307674.
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Design of Gallinamide A Analogs as Potent Inhibitors of the Cysteine Proteases Human Cathepsin L and Trypanosoma cruzi Cruzain. J Med Chem. 2019 10 24; 62(20):9026-9044. Boudreau PD, Miller BW, McCall LI, Almaliti J, Reher R, Hirata K, Le T, Siqueira-Neto JL, Hook V, Gerwick WH. PMID: 31539239; PMCID: PMC7240701.
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The Proteasome as a Drug Target in the Metazoan Pathogen, Schistosoma mansoni. ACS Infect Dis. 2019 10 11; 5(10):1802-1812. Bibo-Verdugo B, Wang SC, Almaliti J, Ta AP, Jiang Z, Wong DA, Lietz CB, Suzuki BM, El-Sakkary N, Hook V, Salvesen GS, Gerwick WH, Caffrey CR, O'Donoghue AJ. PMID: 31355632; PMCID: PMC7283364.
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The NASA Twins Study: A multidimensional analysis of a year-long human spaceflight. Science. 2019 04 12; 364(6436). Garrett-Bakelman FE, Darshi M, Green SJ, Gur RC, Lin L, Macias BR, McKenna MJ, Meydan C, Mishra T, Nasrini J, Piening BD, Rizzardi LF, Sharma K, Siamwala JH, Taylor L, Vitaterna MH, Afkarian M, Afshinnekoo E, Ahadi S, Ambati A, Arya M, Bezdan D, Callahan CM, Chen S, Choi AMK, Chlipala GE, Contrepois K, Covington M, Crucian BE, De Vivo I, Dinges DF, Ebert DJ, Feinberg JI, Gandara JA, George KA, Goutsias J, Grills GS, Hargens AR, Heer M, Hillary RP, Hoofnagle AN, Hook VYH, Jenkinson G, Jiang P, Keshavarzian A, Laurie SS, Lee-McMullen B, Lumpkins SB, MacKay M, Maienschein-Cline MG, Melnick AM, Moore TM, Nakahira K, Patel HH, Pietrzyk R, Rao V, Saito R, Salins DN, Schilling JM, Sears DD, Sheridan CK, Stenger MB, Tryggvadottir R, Urban AE, Vaisar T, Van Espen B, Zhang J, Ziegler MG, Zwart SR, Charles JB, Kundrot CE, Scott GBI, Bailey SM, Basner M, Feinberg AP, Lee SMC, Mason CE, Mignot E, Rana BK, Smith SM, Snyder MP, Turek FW. PMID: 30975860; PMCID: PMC7580864.
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Metabolomics Analyses of 14 Classical Neurotransmitters by GC-TOF with LC-MS Illustrates Secretion of 9 Cell-Cell Signaling Molecules from Sympathoadrenal Chromaffin Cells in the Presence of Lithium. ACS Chem Neurosci. 2019 03 20; 10(3):1369-1379. Hook V, Kind T, Podvin S, Palazoglu M, Tran C, Toneff T, Samra S, Lietz C, Fiehn O. PMID: 30698015; PMCID: PMC7328367.
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A Commensal Dipeptidyl Aminopeptidase with Specificity for N-Terminal Glycine Degrades Human-Produced Antimicrobial Peptides in Vitro. ACS Chem Biol. 2018 09 21; 13(9):2513-2521. Xu JH, Jiang Z, Solania A, Chatterjee S, Suzuki B, Lietz CB, Hook VYH, O'Donoghue AJ, Wolan DW. PMID: 30085657; PMCID: PMC7293822.
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Lysosomal Cathepsin Protease Gene Expression Profiles in the Human Brain During Normal Development. J Mol Neurosci. 2018 Aug; 65(4):420-431. Hsu A, Podvin S, Hook V. PMID: 30008074; PMCID: PMC7185200.
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Human brain gene expression profiles of the cathepsin V and cathepsin L cysteine proteases, with the PC1/3 and PC2 serine proteases, involved in neuropeptide production. Heliyon. 2018 Jul; 4(7):e00673. Podvin S, Wojnicz A, Hook V. PMID: 29998195; PMCID: PMC6037879.
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Multiple clinical features of Huntington's disease correlate with mutant HTT gene CAG repeat lengths and neurodegeneration. J Neurol. 2019 Mar; 266(3):551-564. Podvin S, Reardon HT, Yin K, Mosier C, Hook V. PMID: 29956026.
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Diversity of Neuropeptide Cell-Cell Signaling Molecules Generated by Proteolytic Processing Revealed by Neuropeptidomics Mass Spectrometry. J Am Soc Mass Spectrom. 2018 05; 29(5):807-816. Hook V, Lietz CB, Podvin S, Cajka T, Fiehn O. PMID: 29667161; PMCID: PMC5946320.
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Phosphopeptidomics Reveals Differential Phosphorylation States and Novel SxE Phosphosite Motifs of Neuropeptides in Dense Core Secretory Vesicles. J Am Soc Mass Spectrom. 2018 05; 29(5):935-947. Lietz CB, Toneff T, Mosier C, Podvin S, O'Donoghue AJ, Hook V. PMID: 29556927; PMCID: PMC5943185.
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Identification of novel loci affecting circulating chromogranins and related peptides. Hum Mol Genet. 2017 01 01; 26(1):233-242. Benyamin B, Maihofer AX, Schork AJ, Hamilton BA, Rao F, Schmid-Schönbein GW, Zhang K, Mahata M, Stridsberg M, Schork NJ, Biswas N, Hook VY, Wei Z, Montgomery GW, Martin NG, Nievergelt CM, Whitfield JB, O'Connor DT. PMID: 28011710; PMCID: PMC6075630.
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Mass Spectrometry-Based Visualization of Molecules Associated with Human Habitats. Anal Chem. 2016 11 15; 88(22):10775-10784. Petras D, Nothias LF, Quinn RA, Alexandrov T, Bandeira N, Bouslimani A, Castro-Falcón G, Chen L, Dang T, Floros DJ, Hook V, Garg N, Hoffner N, Jiang Y, Kapono CA, Koester I, Knight R, Leber CA, Ling TJ, Luzzatto-Knaan T, McCall LI, McGrath AP, Meehan MJ, Merritt JK, Mills RH, Morton J, Podvin S, Protsyuk I, Purdy T, Satterfield K, Searles S, Shah S, Shires S, Steffen D, White M, Todoric J, Tuttle R, Wojnicz A, Sapp V, Vargas F, Yang J, Zhang C, Dorrestein PC. PMID: 27732780; PMCID: PMC6326777.
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The Emerging Role of Spinal Dynorphin in Chronic Pain: A Therapeutic Perspective. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol. 2016; 56:511-33. Podvin S, Yaksh T, Hook V. PMID: 26738478; PMCID: PMC4902163.
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Neuropeptidomics Mass Spectrometry Reveals Signaling Networks Generated by Distinct Protease Pathways in Human Systems. J Am Soc Mass Spectrom. 2015 Dec; 26(12):1970-80. Hook V, Bandeira N. PMID: 26483184; PMCID: PMC4749436.
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Cathepsin B is a New Drug Target for Traumatic Brain Injury Therapeutics: Evidence for E64d as a Promising Lead Drug Candidate. Front Neurol. 2015; 6:178. Hook G, Jacobsen JS, Grabstein K, Kindy M, Hook V. PMID: 26388830; PMCID: PMC4557097.
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Profiles of secreted neuropeptides and catecholamines illustrate similarities and differences in response to stimulation by distinct secretagogues. Mol Cell Neurosci. 2015 Sep; 68:177-85. Podvin S, Bundey R, Toneff T, Ziegler M, Hook V. PMID: 26092702; PMCID: PMC4593749.
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Human iPSC neurons display activity-dependent neurotransmitter secretion: aberrant catecholamine levels in schizophrenia neurons. Stem Cell Reports. 2014 Oct 14; 3(4):531-8. Hook V, Brennand KJ, Kim Y, Toneff T, Funkelstein L, Lee KC, Ziegler M, Gage FH. PMID: 25358781; PMCID: PMC4223699.
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Pyroglutamate-amyloid-β and glutaminyl cyclase are colocalized with amyloid-β in secretory vesicles and undergo activity-dependent, regulated secretion. Neurodegener Dis. 2014; 14(2):85-97. Cynis H, Funkelstein L, Toneff T, Mosier C, Ziegler M, Koch B, Demuth HU, Hook V. PMID: 24943989; PMCID: PMC4141002.
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The cysteine protease cathepsin B is a key drug target and cysteine protease inhibitors are potential therapeutics for traumatic brain injury. J Neurotrauma. 2014 Mar 01; 31(5):515-29. Hook GR, Yu J, Sipes N, Pierschbacher MD, Hook V, Kindy MS. PMID: 24083575; PMCID: PMC3934599.
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Genetic variants affecting alternative splicing of human cholesteryl ester transfer protein. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2014 Jan 24; 443(4):1270-4. Suhy A, Hartmann K, Newman L, Papp A, Toneff T, Hook V, Sadee W. PMID: 24393849; PMCID: PMC3929938.
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Brain pyroglutamate amyloid-β is produced by cathepsin B and is reduced by the cysteine protease inhibitor E64d, representing a potential Alzheimer's disease therapeutic. J Alzheimers Dis. 2014; 41(1):129-49. Hook G, Yu J, Toneff T, Kindy M, Hook V. PMID: 24595198; PMCID: PMC4059604.
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The marine cyanobacterial metabolite gallinamide A is a potent and selective inhibitor of human cathepsin L. J Nat Prod. 2014 Jan 24; 77(1):92-9. Miller B, Friedman AJ, Choi H, Hogan J, McCammon JA, Hook V, Gerwick WH. PMID: 24364476; PMCID: PMC3932306.
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Chromogranin B: intra- and extra-cellular mechanisms to regulate catecholamine storage and release, in catecholaminergic cells and organisms. J Neurochem. 2014 Apr; 129(1):48-59. Zhang K, Biswas N, Gayen JR, Miramontes-Gonzalez JP, Hightower CM, Mustapic M, Mahata M, Huang CT, Hook VY, Mahata SK, Vaingankar S, O'Connor DT. PMID: 24266713; PMCID: PMC3992281.
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Beta-amyloid peptides undergo regulated co-secretion with neuropeptide and catecholamine neurotransmitters. Peptides. 2013 Aug; 46:126-35. Toneff T, Funkelstein L, Mosier C, Abagyan A, Ziegler M, Hook V. PMID: 23747840; PMCID: PMC3842158.
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Spinal astrocytes produce and secrete dynorphin neuropeptides. Neuropeptides. 2013 Apr; 47(2):109-15. Wahlert A, Funkelstein L, Fitzsimmons B, Yaksh T, Hook V. PMID: 23290538; PMCID: PMC3606903.
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Genes and environment: novel, functional polymorphism in the human cathepsin L (CTSL1) promoter disrupts a xenobiotic response element (XRE) to alter transcription and blood pressure. J Hypertens. 2012 Oct; 30(10):1961-9. Mbewe-Campbell N, Wei Z, Zhang K, Friese RS, Mahata M, Schork AJ, Rao F, Chiron S, Biswas N, Kim HS, Mahata SK, Waalen J, Nievergelt CM, Hook VY, O'Connor DT. PMID: 22871890; PMCID: PMC3478326.
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The protein architecture of human secretory vesicles reveals differential regulation of signaling molecule secretion by protein kinases. PLoS One. 2012; 7(8):e41134. Bark SJ, Wegrzyn J, Taupenot L, Ziegler M, O'Connor DT, Ma Q, Smoot M, Ideker T, Hook V. PMID: 22916103; PMCID: PMC3420874.
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Cathepsin H functions as an aminopeptidase in secretory vesicles for production of enkephalin and galanin peptide neurotransmitters. J Neurochem. 2012 Aug; 122(3):512-22. Lu WD, Funkelstein L, Toneff T, Reinheckel T, Peters C, Hook V. PMID: 22582844; PMCID: PMC3417130.
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Human cathepsin V protease participates in production of enkephalin and NPY neuropeptide neurotransmitters. J Biol Chem. 2012 May 04; 287(19):15232-41. Funkelstein L, Lu WD, Koch B, Mosier C, Toneff T, Taupenot L, O'Connor DT, Reinheckel T, Peters C, Hook V. PMID: 22393040; PMCID: PMC3346103.
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The prohormone proenkephalin possesses differential conformational features of subdomains revealed by rapid H-D exchange mass spectrometry. Protein Sci. 2012 Feb; 21(2):178-87. Lu WD, Liu T, Li S, Woods VL, Hook V. PMID: 22102294; PMCID: PMC3324762.
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Deletion of the cathepsin B gene improves memory deficits in a transgenic ALZHeimer's disease mouse model expressing AβPP containing the wild-type β-secretase site sequence. J Alzheimers Dis. 2012; 29(4):827-40. Kindy MS, Yu J, Zhu H, El-Amouri SS, Hook V, Hook GR. PMID: 22337825; PMCID: PMC4309289.
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Cysteine Cathepsins in the secretory vesicle produce active peptides: Cathepsin L generates peptide neurotransmitters and cathepsin B produces beta-amyloid of Alzheimer's disease. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2012 Jan; 1824(1):89-104. Hook V, Funkelstein L, Wegrzyn J, Bark S, Kindy M, Hook G. PMID: 21925292; PMCID: PMC3232284.
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NeuroPedia: neuropeptide database and spectral library. Bioinformatics. 2011 Oct 01; 27(19):2772-3. Kim Y, Bark S, Hook V, Bandeira N. PMID: 21821666; PMCID: PMC3179654.
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Cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen-2 alpha induces apoptosis of murine T-lymphoma cells and cardiac fibroblasts and is regulated by cAMP/PKA. Cell Signal. 2011 Oct; 23(10):1611-6. Zhang L, Yun H, Murray F, Lu R, Wang L, Hook V, Insel PA. PMID: 21620962; PMCID: PMC3148345.
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Mutation in the substrate-binding site of aminopeptidase B confers new enzymatic properties. Biochimie. 2011 Apr; 93(4):730-41. Pham VL, Gouzy-Darmon C, Pernier J, Hanquez C, Hook V, Beinfeld MC, Nicolas P, Etchebest C, Foulon T, Cadel S. PMID: 21237246.
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The novel role of cathepsin L for neuropeptide production illustrated by research strategies in chemical biology with protease gene knockout and expression. Methods Mol Biol. 2011; 768:107-25. Funkelstein L, Hook V. PMID: 21805239.
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The cysteine protease inhibitor, E64d, reduces brain amyloid-β and improves memory deficits in Alzheimer's disease animal models by inhibiting cathepsin B, but not BACE1, β-secretase activity. J Alzheimers Dis. 2011; 26(2):387-408. Hook G, Hook V, Kindy M. PMID: 21613740; PMCID: PMC4317342.
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Unique biological function of cathepsin L in secretory vesicles for biosynthesis of neuropeptides. Neuropeptides. 2010 Dec; 44(6):457-66. Funkelstein L, Beinfeld M, Minokadeh A, Zadina J, Hook V. PMID: 21047684; PMCID: PMC3058267.
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Naturally occurring genetic variants in human chromogranin A (CHGA) associated with hypertension as well as hypertensive renal disease. Cell Mol Neurobiol. 2010 Nov; 30(8):1395-400. Chen Y, Rao F, Wen G, Gayen JR, Zhang K, Vaingankar SM, Biswas N, Mahata M, Friese RS, Fung MM, Salem RM, Nievergelt C, Bhatnagar V, Hook VY, Ziegler MG, Mahata SK, Hamilton BA, O'Connor DT. PMID: 21061160; PMCID: PMC3008929.
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Mass spectrometry-based neuropeptidomics of secretory vesicles from human adrenal medullary pheochromocytoma reveals novel peptide products of prohormone processing. J Proteome Res. 2010 Oct 01; 9(10):5065-75. Gupta N, Bark SJ, Lu WD, Taupenot L, O'Connor DT, Pevzner P, Hook V. PMID: 20704348; PMCID: PMC3000314.
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Proteomics of dense core secretory vesicles reveal distinct protein categories for secretion of neuroeffectors for cell-cell communication. J Proteome Res. 2010 Oct 01; 9(10):5002-24. Wegrzyn JL, Bark SJ, Funkelstein L, Mosier C, Yap A, Kazemi-Esfarjani P, La Spada AR, Sigurdson C, O'Connor DT, Hook V. PMID: 20695487; PMCID: PMC2996463.
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Neuropeptidomic components generated by proteomic functions in secretory vesicles for cell-cell communication. AAPS J. 2010 Dec; 12(4):635-45. Hook V, Bark S, Gupta N, Lortie M, Lu WD, Bandeira N, Funkelstein L, Wegrzyn J, O'Connor DT, Pevzner P. PMID: 20734175; PMCID: PMC2976990.
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Pharmacogenetic features of cathepsin B inhibitors that improve memory deficit and reduce beta-amyloid related to Alzheimer's disease. Biol Chem. 2010 Aug; 391(8):861-72. Hook V, Hook G, Kindy M. PMID: 20536395; PMCID: PMC4309269.
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Mitochondrial dysfunction in NnaD mutant flies and Purkinje cell degeneration mice reveals a role for Nna proteins in neuronal bioenergetics. Neuron. 2010 Jun 24; 66(6):835-47. Chakrabarti L, Zahra R, Jackson SM, Kazemi-Esfarjani P, Sopher BL, Mason AG, Toneff T, Ryu S, Shaffer S, Kansy JW, Eng J, Merrihew G, MacCoss MJ, Murphy A, Goodlett DR, Hook V, Bennett CL, Pallanck LJ, La Spada AR. PMID: 20620870; PMCID: PMC3101252.
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Expansion of the mycobacterial "PUPylome". Mol Biosyst. 2010 Feb; 6(2):376-85. Watrous J, Burns K, Liu WT, Patel A, Hook V, Bafna V, Barry CE, Bark S, Dorrestein PC. PMID: 20094657; PMCID: PMC2846642.
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Cathepsin L participates in dynorphin production in brain cortex, illustrated by protease gene knockout and expression. Mol Cell Neurosci. 2010 Jan; 43(1):98-107. Minokadeh A, Funkelstein L, Toneff T, Hwang SR, Beinfeld M, Reinheckel T, Peters C, Zadina J, Hook V. PMID: 19837164.
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Detecting low-abundance vasoactive peptides in plasma: progress toward absolute quantitation using nano liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Anal Biochem. 2009 Nov 15; 394(2):164-70. Lortie M, Bark S, Blantz R, Hook V. PMID: 19615967; PMCID: PMC2745394.
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Cathepsin L plays a major role in cholecystokinin production in mouse brain cortex and in pituitary AtT-20 cells: protease gene knockout and inhibitor studies. Peptides. 2009 Oct; 30(10):1882-91. Beinfeld MC, Funkelstein L, Foulon T, Cadel S, Kitagawa K, Toneff T, Reinheckel T, Peters C, Hook V. PMID: 19589362; PMCID: PMC2755599.
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Proteolytic fragments of chromogranins A and B represent major soluble components of chromaffin granules, illustrated by two-dimensional proteomics with NH(2)-terminal Edman peptide sequencing and MALDI-TOF MS. Biochemistry. 2009 Jun 16; 48(23):5254-62. Lee JC, Hook V. PMID: 19405523; PMCID: PMC2731693.
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Genetic cathepsin B deficiency reduces beta-amyloid in transgenic mice expressing human wild-type amyloid precursor protein. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2009 Aug 21; 386(2):284-8. Hook VY, Kindy M, Reinheckel T, Peters C, Hook G. PMID: 19501042; PMCID: PMC2753505.
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Human pituitary contains dual cathepsin L and prohormone convertase processing pathway components involved in converting POMC into the peptide hormones ACTH, alpha-MSH, and beta-endorphin. Endocrine. 2009 Jun; 35(3):429-37. Hook V, Funkelstein L, Toneff T, Mosier C, Hwang SR. PMID: 19343278; PMCID: PMC2731682.
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Linear and accurate quantitation of proenkephalin-derived peptides by isotopic labeling with internal standards and mass spectrometry. Anal Biochem. 2009 Jun 01; 389(1):18-26. Bark SJ, Lu WD, Hook V. PMID: 19289094; PMCID: PMC2731681.
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Differential accessibilities of dibasic prohormone processing sites of proenkephalin to the aqueous environment revealed by H-D exchange mass spectrometry. Biochemistry. 2009 Feb 24; 48(7):1604-12. Lu WD, Asmus K, Hwang SR, Li S, Woods VL, Hook V. PMID: 19173595; PMCID: PMC2752437.
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Major role of cathepsin L for producing the peptide hormones ACTH, beta-endorphin, and alpha-MSH, illustrated by protease gene knockout and expression. J Biol Chem. 2008 Dec 19; 283(51):35652-9. Funkelstein L, Toneff T, Mosier C, Hwang SR, Beuschlein F, Lichtenauer UD, Reinheckel T, Peters C, Hook V. PMID: 18849346; PMCID: PMC2602888.
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Endopin serpin protease inhibitors localize with neuropeptides in secretory vesicles and neuroendocrine tissues. Neuroendocrinology. 2009; 89(2):210-6. Hwang SR, Bundey R, Toneff T, Hook V. PMID: 18840998; PMCID: PMC2731708.
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Alternative pathways for production of beta-amyloid peptides of Alzheimer's disease. Biol Chem. 2008 Aug; 389(8):993-1006. Hook V, Schechter I, Demuth HU, Hook G. PMID: 18979625; PMCID: PMC2654319.
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Differential activation of enkephalin, galanin, somatostatin, NPY, and VIP neuropeptide production by stimulators of protein kinases A and C in neuroendocrine chromaffin cells. Neuropeptides. 2008 Oct-Dec; 42(5-6):503-11. Hook V, Toneff T, Baylon S, Sei C. PMID: 18619673; PMCID: PMC2745396.
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Cathepsin L participates in the production of neuropeptide Y in secretory vesicles, demonstrated by protease gene knockout and expression. J Neurochem. 2008 Jul; 106(1):384-91. Funkelstein L, Toneff T, Hwang SR, Reinheckel T, Peters C, Hook V. PMID: 18410501; PMCID: PMC2661760.
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Zinc regulation of aminopeptidase B involved in neuropeptide production. FEBS Lett. 2008 Jul 23; 582(17):2527-31. Hwang SR, Hook V. PMID: 18571504; PMCID: PMC2764277.
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Bioinformatic analyses of mammalian 5'-UTR sequence properties of mRNAs predicts alternative translation initiation sites. BMC Bioinformatics. 2008 May 08; 9:232. Wegrzyn JL, Drudge TM, Valafar F, Hook V. PMID: 18466625; PMCID: PMC2396638.
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Sorting of the neuroendocrine secretory protein Secretogranin II into the regulated secretory pathway: role of N- and C-terminal alpha-helical domains. J Biol Chem. 2008 Apr 25; 283(17):11807-22. Courel M, Vasquez MS, Hook VY, Mahata SK, Taupenot L. PMID: 18299326; PMCID: PMC2431052.
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Inhibitors of cathepsin B improve memory and reduce beta-amyloid in transgenic Alzheimer disease mice expressing the wild-type, but not the Swedish mutant, beta-secretase site of the amyloid precursor protein. J Biol Chem. 2008 Mar 21; 283(12):7745-53. Hook VY, Kindy M, Hook G. PMID: 18184658.
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Proteases for processing proneuropeptides into peptide neurotransmitters and hormones. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol. 2008; 48:393-423. Hook V, Funkelstein L, Lu D, Bark S, Wegrzyn J, Hwang SR. PMID: 18184105; PMCID: PMC2731677.
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Differential recovery of peptides from sample tubes and the reproducibility of quantitative proteomic data. J Proteome Res. 2007 Nov; 6(11):4511-6. Bark SJ, Hook V. PMID: 17850064.
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Cysteine protease inhibitors reduce brain beta-amyloid and beta-secretase activity in vivo and are potential Alzheimer's disease therapeutics. Biol Chem. 2007 Sep; 388(9):979-83. Hook G, Hook VY, Kindy M. PMID: 17696783.
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Proteomics of neuroendocrine secretory vesicles reveal distinct functional systems for biosynthesis and exocytosis of peptide hormones and neurotransmitters. J Proteome Res. 2007 May; 6(5):1652-65. Wegrzyn J, Lee J, Neveu JM, Lane WS, Hook V. PMID: 17408250.
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Multiple domains of endopin 2A for serpin cross-class inhibition of papain. Arch Biochem Biophys. 2007 May 15; 461(2):219-24. Hwang SR, Hook VY. PMID: 17451636; PMCID: PMC2745395.
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Cysteine protease inhibitors effectively reduce in vivo levels of brain beta-amyloid related to Alzheimer's disease. Biol Chem. 2007 Feb; 388(2):247-52. Hook V, Kindy M, Hook G. PMID: 17261088.
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Cathepsin L expression is directed to secretory vesicles for enkephalin neuropeptide biosynthesis and secretion. J Biol Chem. 2007 Mar 30; 282(13):9556-9563. Hwang SR, Garza C, Mosier C, Toneff T, Wunderlich E, Goldsmith P, Hook V. PMID: 17244622.
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Secretory vesicle aminopeptidase B related to neuropeptide processing: molecular identification and subcellular localization to enkephalin- and NPY-containing chromaffin granules. J Neurochem. 2007 Mar; 100(5):1340-50. Hwang SR, O'Neill A, Bark S, Foulon T, Hook V. PMID: 17241125.
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Primary culture of bovine chromaffin cells. Nat Protoc. 2007; 2(5):1248-53. O'Connor DT, Mahata SK, Mahata M, Jiang Q, Hook VY, Taupenot L. PMID: 17546020; PMCID: PMC2715561.
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The future of proteomic analysis in biological systems and molecular medicine. Mol Biosyst. 2007 Jan; 3(1):14-7. Bark SJ, Hook V. PMID: 17216050.
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Catecholamine storage vesicles and the metabolic syndrome: The role of the chromogranin A fragment pancreastatin. Diabetes Obes Metab. 2006 Nov; 8(6):621-33. Zhang K, Rao F, Wen G, Salem RM, Vaingankar S, Mahata M, Mahapatra NR, Lillie EO, Cadman PE, Friese RS, Hamilton BA, Hook VY, Mahata SK, Taupenot L, O'Connor DT. PMID: 17026486; PMCID: PMC10843892.
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Unique neuronal functions of cathepsin L and cathepsin B in secretory vesicles: biosynthesis of peptides in neurotransmission and neurodegenerative disease. Biol Chem. 2006 Oct-Nov; 387(10-11):1429-39. Hook VY. PMID: 17081116.
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Protease pathways in peptide neurotransmission and neurodegenerative diseases. Cell Mol Neurobiol. 2006 Jul-Aug; 26(4-6):449-69. Hook VY. PMID: 16724274; PMCID: PMC11520631.
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Resistance of cathepsin L compared to elastase to proteolysis when complexed with the serpin endopin 2C, and recovery of cathepsin L activity. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2006 Feb 24; 340(4):1238-43. Hwang SR, Stoka V, Turk V, Hook V. PMID: 16414353.
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Neuroproteases in peptide neurotransmission and neurodegenerative diseases: applications to drug discovery research. BioDrugs. 2006; 20(2):105-19. Hook VY. PMID: 16626168.
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Inhibition of cathepsin B reduces beta-amyloid production in regulated secretory vesicles of neuronal chromaffin cells: evidence for cathepsin B as a candidate beta-secretase of Alzheimer's disease. Biol Chem. 2005 Sep; 386(9):931-40. Hook V, Toneff T, Bogyo M, Greenbaum D, Medzihradszky KF, Neveu J, Lane W, Hook G, Reisine T. PMID: 16164418.
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The novel bovine serpin endopin 2C demonstrates selective inhibition of the cysteine protease cathepsin L compared to the serine protease elastase, in cross-class inhibition. Biochemistry. 2005 May 31; 44(21):7757-67. Hwang SR, Stoka V, Turk V, Hook VY. PMID: 15909990.
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Demonstration of GTG as an alternative initiation codon for the serpin endopin 2B-2. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2005 Feb 18; 327(3):837-44. Hwang SR, Garza CZ, Wegrzyn JL, Hook VY. PMID: 15649421.
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Demonstration of GTG as an endogenous initiation codon for a human mRNA transcript revealed by molecular cloning of the serpin endopin 2B. J Biol Chem. 2004 Aug 16. Hwang SR, Garza CZ, Wegrzyn J, Hook VY. PMID: 15316004.
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Cathepsin L and Arg/Lys aminopeptidase: a distinct prohormone processing pathway for the biosynthesis of peptide neurotransmitters and hormones. Biol Chem. 2004 Jun; 385(6):473-80. Hook V, Yasothornsrikul S, Greenbaum D, Medzihradszky KF, Troutner K, Toneff T, Bundey R, Logrinova A, Reinheckel T, Peters C, Bogyo M. PMID: 15255178.
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Specific caspase interactions and amplification are involved in selective neuronal vulnerability in Huntington's disease. Cell Death Differ. 2004 Apr; 11(4):424-38. Hermel E, Gafni J, Propp SS, Leavitt BR, Wellington CL, Young JE, Hackam AS, Logvinova AV, Peel AL, Chen SF, Hook V, Singaraja R, Krajewski S, Goldsmith PC, Ellerby HM, Hayden MR, Bredesen DE, Ellerby LM. PMID: 14713958.
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Cysteine proteases are the major beta-secretase in the regulated secretory pathway that provides most of the beta-amyloid in Alzheimer's disease: role of BACE 1 in the constitutive secretory pathway. J Neurosci Res. 2003 Nov 01; 74(3):393-405. Hook VY, Reisine TD. PMID: 14598316.
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Obliteration of alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone derived from POMC in pituitary and brains of PC2-deficient mice. J Neurochem. 2003 Aug; 86(3):556-63. Miller R, Aaron W, Toneff T, Vishnuvardhan D, Beinfeld MC, Hook VY. PMID: 12859669.
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Cathepsin L in secretory vesicles functions as a prohormone-processing enzyme for production of the enkephalin peptide neurotransmitter. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2003 Aug 05; 100(16):9590-5. Yasothornsrikul S, Greenbaum D, Medzihradszky KF, Toneff T, Bundey R, Miller R, Schilling B, Petermann I, Dehnert J, Logvinova A, Goldsmith P, Neveu JM, Lane WS, Gibson B, Reinheckel T, Peters C, Bogyo M, Hook V. PMID: 12869695; PMCID: PMC170962.
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Primary sequence characterization of catestatin intermediates and peptides defines proteolytic cleavage sites utilized for converting chromogranin a into active catestatin secreted from neuroendocrine chromaffin cells. Biochemistry. 2003 Jun 17; 42(23):6938-46. Lee JC, Taylor CV, Gaucher SP, Toneff T, Taupenot L, Yasothornsrikul S, Mahata SK, Sei C, Parmer RJ, Neveu JM, Lane WS, Gibson BW, O'Connor DT, Hook VY. PMID: 12795588.
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Selective roles for the PC2 processing enzyme in the regulation of peptide neurotransmitter levels in brain and peripheral neuroendocrine tissues of PC2 deficient mice. Neuropeptides. 2003 Jun; 37(3):140-8. Miller R, Toneff T, Vishnuvardhan D, Beinfeld M, Hook VY. PMID: 12860111.
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Regulation of ACTH levels in anterior pituitary cells during stimulated secretion: evidence for aspartyl and cysteine proteases in the cellular metabolism of ACTH. Peptides. 2003 May; 24(5):717-25. Sei C, Toneff T, Aaron W, Hook VY. PMID: 12895658.
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Protein trafficking to chromaffin granules and proteolytic processing within regulated secretory vesicles of neuroendocrine chromaffin cells. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2002 Oct; 971:397-405. Hook V, Metz-Boutigue MH. PMID: 12438158.
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Novel chromaffin granule serpins, endopin 1 and endopin 2: endogenous protease inhibitors with distinct target protease specificities. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2002 Oct; 971:426-44. Hook VY, Yasothornsrikul S, Hwang SR. PMID: 12438161.
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Agonist-stimulated neuropeptide and catecholamine release from bovine adrenal chromaffin cells. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2002 Oct; 971:338-40. Bundey RA, Toneff T, Pottenger J, Kennedy BP, Ziegler MG, Hook VY. PMID: 12438146.
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The novel serpin endopin 2 demonstrates cross-class inhibition of papain and elastase: localization of endopin 2 to regulated secretory vesicles of neuroendocrine chromaffin cells. Biochemistry. 2002 Aug 20; 41(33):10397-405. Hwang SR, Steineckert B, Toneff T, Bundey R, Logvinova AV, Goldsmith P, Hook VY. PMID: 12173926.
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Regulation of cellular alpha-MSH and beta-endorphin during stimulated secretion from intermediate pituitary cells: involvement of aspartyl and cysteine proteases in the control of cellular levels of alpha-MSH and beta-endorphin. Peptides. 2002 Aug; 23(8):1409-18. Sei C, Toneff T, Aaron W, Hook VY. PMID: 12182941.
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Comparison of huntingtin proteolytic fragments in human lymphoblast cell lines and human brain. J Neurochem. 2002 Jul; 82(1):84-92. Toneff T, Mende-Mueller L, Wu Y, Hwang SR, Bundey R, Thompson LM, Chesselet MF, Hook V. PMID: 12091468.
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Novel secretory vesicle serpins, endopin 1 and endopin 2: endogenous protease inhibitors with distinct target protease specificities. Biol Chem. 2002 Jul-Aug; 383(7-8):1067-74. Hook VY, Hwang SR. PMID: 12437089.
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Beta-amyloid peptide in regulated secretory vesicles of chromaffin cells: evidence for multiple cysteine proteolytic activities in distinct pathways for beta-secretase activity in chromaffin vesicles. J Neurochem. 2002 Apr; 81(2):237-56. Hook VY, Toneff T, Aaron W, Yasothornsrikul S, Bundey R, Reisine T. PMID: 12064471.
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Proteolysis of ProPTHrP(1-141) by "prohormone thiol protease" at multibasic residues generates PTHrP-related peptides: implications for PTHrP peptide production in lung cancer cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2001 Jul 27; 285(4):932-8. Hook VY, Burton D, Yasothornsrikul S, Hastings RH, Deftos LJ. PMID: 11467841.
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Comparative tissue distribution of the processing enzymes "prohormone thiol protease," and prohormone convertases 1 and 2, in human PTHrP-producing cell lines and mammalian neuroendocrine tissues. Endocrine. 2001 Jul; 15(2):217-24. Deftos LJ, Burton D, Hastings RH, Terkeltaub R, Hook VY. PMID: 11720250.
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Tissue-specific proteolysis of Huntingtin (htt) in human brain: evidence of enhanced levels of N- and C-terminal htt fragments in Huntington's disease striatum. J Neurosci. 2001 Mar 15; 21(6):1830-7. Mende-Mueller LM, Toneff T, Hwang SR, Chesselet MF, Hook VY. PMID: 11245667; PMCID: PMC6762596.
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Expression and mutagenesis of the novel serpin endopin 2 demonstrates a requirement for cysteine-374 for dithiothreitol-sensitive inhibition of elastase. Biochemistry. 2000 Aug 01; 39(30):8944-52. Hwang SR, Steineckert B, Hook VY. PMID: 10913307.
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Formation of the catecholamine release-inhibitory peptide catestatin from chromogranin A. Determination of proteolytic cleavage sites in hormone storage granules. J Biol Chem. 2000 Jul 28; 275(30):22905-15. Taylor CV, Taupenot L, Mahata SK, Mahata M, Wu H, Yasothornsrikul S, Toneff T, Caporale C, Jiang Q, Parmer RJ, Hook VY, O'Connor DT. PMID: 10781584.
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Molecular cloning demonstrates structural features of homologous bovine prohormone convertases 1 and 2. DNA Cell Biol. 2000 Jul; 19(7):409-19. Hwang SR, Ng SM, Steineckert B, Seidah NG, Hook VY. PMID: 10945231.
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Detection of proteolytic activity by fluorescent zymogram in-gel assays. Biotechniques. 2000 Jun; 28(6):1166-8, 1170, 1172-3. Yasothornsrikul S, Hook VY. PMID: 10868282.
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Heredity and the autonomic nervous system in human hypertension. Curr Hypertens Rep. 2000 Feb; 2(1):16-22. O'Connor DT, Insel PA, Ziegler MG, Hook VY, Smith DW, Hamilton BA, Taylor PW, Parmer RJ. PMID: 10982526.
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Molecular cloning of endopin 1, a novel serpin localized to neurosecretory vesicles of chromaffin cells. Inhibition of basic residue-cleaving proteases by endopin 1. J Biol Chem. 1999 Nov 26; 274(48):34164-73. Hwang SR, Steineckert B, Yasothornsrikul S, Sei CA, Toneff T, Rattan J, Hook VY. PMID: 10567388.
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Evidence for functional localization of the proenkephalin-processing enzyme, prohormone thiol protease, to secretory vesicles of chromaffin cells. Endocrinology. 1999 Aug; 140(8):3744-54. Hook VY, Noctor S, Sei CA, Toneff T, Yasothornsrikul S, Kang YH. PMID: 10433235.
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Alpha1-antichymotrypsin-like proteins I and II purified from bovine adrenal medulla are enriched in chromaffin granules and inhibit the proenkephalin processing enzyme "prohormone thiol protease". J Neurochem. 1999 Jul; 73(1):59-69. Hook VY, Tezapsidis N, Hwang SR, Sei C, Byrne M, Yasothornsrikul S. PMID: 10386955.
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Evidence for the proenkephalin processing enzyme prohormone thiol protease (PTP) as a multicatalytic cysteine protease complex: activation by glutathione localized to secretory vesicles. Biochemistry. 1999 Jun 08; 38(23):7421-30. Yasothornsrikul S, Aaron W, Toneff T, Hook VY. PMID: 10360939.
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The kunitz protease inhibitor form of the amyloid precursor protein (KPI/APP) inhibits the proneuropeptide processing enzyme prohormone thiol protease (PTP). Colocalization of KPI/APP and PTP in secretory vesicles. J Biol Chem. 1999 Jan 29; 274(5):3165-72. Hook VY, Sei C, Yasothornsrikul S, Toneff T, Kang YH, Efthimiopoulos S, Robakis NK, Van Nostrand W. PMID: 9915856.
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Molecular studies define the primary structure of alpha1-antichymotrypsin (ACT) protease inhibitor in Alzheimer's disease brains. Comparison of act in hippocampus and liver. J Biol Chem. 1999 Jan 15; 274(3):1821-7. Hwang SR, Steineckert B, Kohn A, Palkovits M, Hook VY. PMID: 9880565.
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Enrichment of presenilin 1 peptides in neuronal large dense-core and somatodendritic clathrin-coated vesicles. J Neurochem. 1998 Dec; 71(6):2365-72. Efthimiopoulos S, Floor E, Georgakopoulos A, Shioi J, Cui W, Yasothornsrikul S, Hook VY, Wisniewski T, Buee L, Robakis NK. PMID: 9832134.
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Release of nontransmembrane full-length Alzheimer's amyloid precursor protein from the lumenar surface of chromaffin granule membranes. Biochemistry. 1998 Feb 03; 37(5):1274-82. Tezapsidis N, Li HC, Ripellino JA, Efthimiopoulos S, Vassilacopoulou D, Sambamurti K, Toneff T, Yasothornsrikul S, Hook VY, Robakis NK. PMID: 9477953.
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Arginine and lysine aminopeptidase activities in chromaffin granules of bovine adrenal medulla: relevance to prohormone processing. J Neurochem. 1998 Jan; 70(1):153-63. Yasothornsrikul S, Toneff T, Hwang SR, Hook VY. PMID: 9422358.
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High level expression and characterization of recombinant human hippocampus phenol sulfotransferase: a novel phenol-sulfating form of phenol sulfotransferase. Protein Expr Purif. 1997 Oct; 11(1):125-34. Hwang SR, Palkovits M, Hook VY. PMID: 9325148.
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High-level expression of the prohormones proenkephalin, pro-neuropeptide Y, proopiomelanocortin, and beta-protachykinin for in vitro prohormone processing. Protein Expr Purif. 1997 Jun; 10(1):80-8. Hook VY, Moran K, Kannan R, Kohn A, Lively MO, Azaryan A, Schiller M, Miller K. PMID: 9179294.
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IgA red cell autoantibodies and autoimmune hemolysis. Transfusion. 1997 Feb; 37(2):175-81. Sokol RJ, Booker DJ, Stamps R, Booth JR, Hook V. PMID: 9051092.
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Production of radiolabeled neuropeptide precursors by in vitro transcription and translation. Pept Res. 1996 Jul-Aug; 9(4):183-7. Hook VY, Schiller MR, Nguyen C, Yasothornsrikul S. PMID: 8914165.
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The processing proteases prohormone thiol protease, PC1/3 and PC2, and 70-kDa aspartic proteinase show preferences among proenkephalin, proneuropeptide Y, and proopiomelanocortin substrates. Arch Biochem Biophys. 1996 Apr 01; 328(1):107-14. Hook VY, Schiller MR, Azaryan AV. PMID: 8638918.
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Proenkephalin-processing enzymes in chromaffin granules: model for neuropeptide biosynthesis. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1996 Mar 22; 780:121-33. Hook VY, Schiller MR, Azaryan AV, Tezapsidis N. PMID: 8602725.
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Expression of recombinant pro-neuropeptide Y, proopiomelanocortin, and proenkephalin: relative processing by 'prohormone thiol protease' (PTP). FEBS Lett. 1996 Mar 11; 382(1-2):6-10. Schiller MR, Kohn AB, Mende-Muelller LM, Miller K, Hook VY. PMID: 8612764.
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Chromaffin granule aspartic proteinase processes recombinant proopiomelanocortin (POMC). Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1995 Oct 24; 215(3):937-44. Azaryan AV, Schiller MR, Hook VY. PMID: 7488064.
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Characteristics of the chromaffin granule aspartic proteinase involved in proenkephalin processing. J Neurochem. 1995 Oct; 65(4):1771-9. Azaryan AV, Schiller M, Mende-Mueller L, Hook VY. PMID: 7561875.
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Unique reactive site domains of neuroendocrine isoforms of alpha 1-antichymotrypsin from bovine adrenal medulla and pituitary revealed by molecular cloning. FEBS Lett. 1995 Jul 24; 368(3):471-6. Hwang SR, Kohn AB, Hook VY. PMID: 7635201.
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"Prohormone thiol protease" (PTP) processing of recombinant proenkephalin. Biochemistry. 1995 Jun 27; 34(25):7988-95. Schiller MR, Mende-Mueller L, Moran K, Meng M, Miller KW, Hook VY. PMID: 7794912.
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Stimulation of "prohormone thiol protease" (PTP) and [Met]enkephalin by forskolin. Blockade of elevated [Met]enkephalin by a cysteine protease inhibitor of PTP. J Biol Chem. 1995 Jun 02; 270(22):13285-90. Tezapsidis N, Noctor S, Kannan R, Krieger TJ, Mende-Mueller L, Hook VY. PMID: 7768928.
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Full-length and truncated Alzheimer amyloid precursors in chromaffin granules: solubilization of membrane amyloid precursor is mediated by an enzymatic mechanism. J Neurochem. 1995 May; 64(5):2140-6. Vassilacopoulou D, Ripellino JA, Tezapsidis N, Hook VY, Robakis NK. PMID: 7722498.
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Purification and characteristics of the candidate prohormone processing proteases PC2 and PC1/3 from bovine adrenal medulla chromaffin granules. J Biol Chem. 1995 Apr 07; 270(14):8201-8. Azaryan AV, Krieger TJ, Hook VY. PMID: 7713926.
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Molecular cloning of an isoform of phenol sulfotransferase from human brain hippocampus. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1995 Feb 15; 207(2):701-7. Hwang SR, Kohn AB, Hook VY. PMID: 7864863.
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Proteases and the emerging role of protease inhibitors in prohormone processing. FASEB J. 1994 Dec; 8(15):1269-78. Hook VY, Azaryan AV, Hwang SR, Tezapsidis N. PMID: 8001739.
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Distinct properties of prohormone thiol protease (PTP) compared to cathepsins B, L, and H: evidence for PTP as a novel cysteine protease. Arch Biochem Biophys. 1994 Oct; 314(1):171-7. Azaryan AV, Hook VY. PMID: 7944391.
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Molecular cloning reveals isoforms of bovine alpha 1-antichymotrypsin. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1994 Sep 27; 91(20):9579-83. Hwang SR, Kohn AB, Hook VY. PMID: 7937809; PMCID: PMC44856.
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Identification of carboxypeptidase H transcripts by antisense RNA. Brain Res Mol Brain Res. 1994 Aug; 25(1-2):135-9. Hwang SR, Hook VY. PMID: 7984038.
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Unique cleavage specificity of 'prohormone thiol protease' related to proenkephalin processing. FEBS Lett. 1994 Mar 21; 341(2-3):197-202. Azaryan AV, Hook VY. PMID: 8137939.
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Purification and characterization of alpha 1-antichymotrypsin-like protease inhibitor that regulates prohormone thiol protease involved in enkephalin precursor processing. J Biol Chem. 1993 Sep 25; 268(27):20570-7. Hook VY, Purviance RT, Azaryan AV, Hubbard G, Krieger TJ. PMID: 8376411.
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Prohormone thiol protease and enkephalin precursor processing: cleavage at dibasic and monobasic sites. J Neurochem. 1992 Jul; 59(1):26-31. Krieger TJ, Mende-Mueller L, Hook VY. PMID: 1613503.
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Kex2-like proteolytic activity in adrenal medullary chromaffin granules. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1992 May 29; 185(1):398-403. Azaryan AV, Hook VY. PMID: 1599477.
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Purification and characterization of a cathepsin D protease from bovine chromaffin granules. Biochemistry. 1992 May 05; 31(17):4223-31. Krieger TJ, Hook VY. PMID: 1567870.
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Thiol and aspartyl proteolytic activities in secretory vesicles of bovine pituitary. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1992 Mar 16; 183(2):449-55. Toomim CS, Hook VY. PMID: 1550554.
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Purification and characterization of a novel thiol protease involved in processing the enkephalin precursor. J Biol Chem. 1991 May 05; 266(13):8376-83. Krieger TJ, Hook VY. PMID: 2022653.
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Carboxypeptidase H in the hypothalamo-neurohypophysial system: evidence for processing and activation of a prohormone-processing enzyme during axonal transport. J Neurosci. 1990 Oct; 10(10):3219-26. Hook VY, Affolter HU, Palkovits M. PMID: 1698942; PMCID: PMC6570196.
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Cleavage of recombinant enkephalin precursor by endoproteolytic activity in bovine chromaffin granules. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1990 Mar 16; 167(2):722-30. Hook VY, Hegerle D, Affolter HU. PMID: 2182020.
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Arginine and lysine product inhibition of bovine adrenomedullary carboxypeptidase H, a prohormone processing enzyme. Life Sci. 1990; 47(13):1135-9. Hook VY. PMID: 2122147.
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Sympathetic axons and nerve terminals: the protein composition of small and large dense-core and of a third type of vesicles. Neuroscience. 1990; 37(3):819-27. Schwarzenbrunner U, Schmidle T, Obendorf D, Scherman D, Hook V, Fischer-Colbrie R, Winkler H. PMID: 2123305.
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Identification of zymogen and mature forms of human carboxypeptidase H. A processing enzyme for the synthesis of peptide hormones. FEBS Lett. 1988 Oct 10; 238(2):338-42. Hook VY, Affolter HU. PMID: 2458970.
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Regulation of carboxypeptidase H by inhibitory and stimulatory mechanisms during neuropeptide precursor processing. Cell Mol Neurobiol. 1988 Mar; 8(1):49-55. Hook VY. PMID: 3135937; PMCID: PMC11567190.
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Carboxypeptidase H-like immunoreactivity in the striatum of cats and monkeys. Regul Pept. 1988 Feb; 20(2):151-9. Chesselet MF, Hook VY. PMID: 2452460.
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Product inhibition of carboxypeptidase H. J Biol Chem. 1987 Sep 15; 262(26):12583-8. Hook VY, LaGamma EF. PMID: 2887569.
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Distribution of enkephalin-containing peptides within bovine chromaffin granules. Neuropeptides. 1987 May-Jun; 9(4):263-7. Hook VY, Liston D. PMID: 3302749.
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Identification of two glycoproteins of chromaffin granules as the carboxypeptidase H. Neurosci Lett. 1986 Dec 23; 72(3):300-4. Laslop A, Fischer-Colbrie R, Hook V, Obendorf D, Winkler H. PMID: 3103029.
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Differential distribution of carboxypeptidase-processing enzyme activity and immunoreactivity in membrane and soluble components of chromaffin granules. J Neurochem. 1985 Sep; 45(3):987-9. Hook VY. PMID: 3928813.
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Immunochemical characterization of carboxypeptidase B-like peptide-hormone-processing enzyme. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1985 Jul; 82(14):4745-9. Hook VY, Mezey E, Fricker LD, Pruss RM, Siegel RE, Brownstein MJ. PMID: 3927290; PMCID: PMC390981.
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Selective regulation of carboxypeptidase peptide hormone-processing enzyme during enkephalin biosynthesis in cultured bovine adrenomedullary chromaffin cells. J Biol Chem. 1985 May 25; 260(10):5991-7. Hook VY, Eiden LE, Pruss RM. PMID: 4039723.
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(Met)enkephalin and carboxypeptidase processing enzyme are co-released from chromaffin cells by cholinergic stimulation. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1985 Apr 30; 128(2):563-70. Hook VY, Eiden LE. PMID: 3994713.
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Two peptidases that convert 125I-Lys-Arg-(Met)enkephalin and 125I-(Met)enkephalin-Arg6, respectively, to 125I-(Met)enkephalin in bovine adrenal medullary chromaffin granules. FEBS Lett. 1984 Jul 09; 172(2):212-8. Hook VY, Eiden LE. PMID: 6378657.
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Carboxypeptidase B-like converting enzyme activity in secretory granules of rat pituitary. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1984 May; 81(9):2776-80. Hook VY, Loh YP. PMID: 6326144; PMCID: PMC345153.
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Carboxypeptidase B-like activity for the processing of enkephalin precursors in the membrane component of bovine adrenomedullary chromaffin granules. Neuropeptides. 1984 Mar; 4(2):117-26. Hook VY. PMID: 6546974.
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Corticotropin releasing factor stimulation of protein carboxylmethylation in mouse pituitary tumor cells. Biochem Pharmacol. 1983 Apr 01; 32(7):1295-9. Heisler S, Hook VY, Axelrod J. PMID: 6303356.
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Activation of beta 2-adrenergic receptors on mouse anterior pituitary tumor cells increases cyclic adenosine 3':5'-monophosphate synthesis and adrenocorticotropin release. J Neurosci. 1983 Apr; 3(4):725-32. Reisine TD, Heisler S, Hook VY, Axelrod J. PMID: 6300355; PMCID: PMC6564450.
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Somatostatin inhibits multireceptor stimulation of cyclic AMP formation and corticotropin secretion in mouse pituitary tumor cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1982 Nov; 79(21):6502-6. Heisler S, Reisine TD, Hook VY, Axelrod J. PMID: 6128732; PMCID: PMC347155.
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Multireceptor-induced release of adrenocorticotropin from anterior pituitary tumor cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1982 Oct 15; 108(3):1251-7. Reisine T, Heisler S, Hook VY, Axelrod J. PMID: 6295371.
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Corticotropin-releasing factor stimulates phospholipid methylation and corticotropin secretion in mouse pituitary tumor cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1982 Oct; 79(20):6220-4. Hook VY, Heisler S, Axelrod J. PMID: 6292895; PMCID: PMC347091.
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Corticotropin releasing factor stimulates adrenocorticotropin and beta-endorphin release from AtT-20 mouse pituitary tumor cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1982 Jun 30; 106(4):1364-71. Hook VY, Heisler S, Sabol SL, Axelrod J. PMID: 6288045.
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A carboxypeptidase processing enzyme for enkephalin precursors. Nature. 1982 Jan 28; 295(5847):341-2. Hook VY, Eiden LE, Brownstein MJ. PMID: 7057899.
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Possible nuclear protein kinase regulation of homologous ribonucleic acid polymerases from small dense nuclei of mouse brain during morphine tolerance-dependence. Involvement of cyclic 3',5'-adenosine monophosphate. Biochem Pharmacol. 1981 Aug 15; 30(16):2313-8. Hook VY, Stokes KB, Lee NM, Loh HH. PMID: 6271139.
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Partial purification of nuclear protein kinase from small dense nuclei of mouse brain and the effect of chronic morphine treatment. J Neurochem. 1980 May; 34(5):1274-9. Hook VY, Lee NM, Loh HH. PMID: 6246205.
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