…ve learning, which can be found in the Open-Source Software movement and in the Wikipedia information production and consumption model. Next, the chapter presents and discusses examples of educational platforms, open education, and shared resources and initiatives in Europe. The …

… . . . . . . . . . . . 152 Recall-Oriented Learning of Named Entities in Arabic Wikipedia Behrang Mohit, Nathan Schneider, Rishav Bhowmick, Kemal Oflazer and Noah A. Smith . . . . 162 ix Tree Representations in Probabilistic Models for Extended Named Entities Detection Marco Dina…

… . . . . . . . 81 4.1 Left: Photo of the Air Quality Egg (AQE) from the project wiki (Air Quality Egg 2015). Right: Photo of the Smart Citizen Kit (SCK) from the documen- tation page (SmartCitizen 2013). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89 7 Contents 4.2 Po…