Dermatology

Overview

Dermatology is a branch of medicine that deals with the skin, hair, nails, and their diseases. It encompasses both medical and surgical aspects, ranging from cosmetic to serious medical conditions. The term "dermatology" originates from the French "dermologie" (1764) and the Latin "dermatologia" (1777). In a broader sense, dermatology also includes the treatment of hair and nail diseases.

History

Historical records of skin diseases in China date back at least 3,000 years. The first formal school of dermatology was established in 1801 at the Hôpital Saint-Louis in Paris, and dermatology textbooks began appearing during this period. Modern dermatology has evolved significantly, incorporating advanced technologies and treatment approaches that combine traditional medicine with cutting-edge scientific research.

Key Information

Skin Structure

The skin, the largest organ of the human body, accounts for 5-15% of total body weight and covers an area of 1.5-2 square meters. Its thickness varies from 0.5-4 mm depending on the body part and individual. The skin consists of three main layers:

Epidermis

The outermost layer, averaging 0.2 mm in thickness, composed of five layers:
1. Stratum corneum: The outermost layer of keratinized cells that provides protection
2. Stratum lucidum: A thin, clear layer found in thick skin areas
3. Stratum granulosum: Contains keratinocytes producing keratin
4. Stratum spinosum: Provides strength and flexibility
5. Stratum basale: The deepest layer where cell division occurs

Dermis

Derived from mesoderm, composed of:
- Fibers: Collagen (95%), elastic, and reticular fibers
- Matrix: An amorphous gel-like substance supporting skin components
- Cells: Fibroblasts, histiocytes, and mast cells

Subcutaneous Tissue

Composed of loose connective tissue and fat lobules, providing insulation, energy storage, and protection against mechanical impacts.

Common Skin Conditions

Psoriasis

Psoriasis is a chronic autoimmune condition characterized by red, scaly patches on the skin. The CAMP (Biological Immune Activation) technology represents a treatment approach that:
- Uses sterile biological protein injections
- Activates the body's immune response
- Reduces inflammation and balances keratinocyte proliferation
- Offers shorter treatment duration with fewer side effects than traditional methods

Vitiligo

Vitiligo is characterized by the loss of skin pigment in patches. The BMT (Biological Ion Melanin Activation) technology:
- Combines modern biotechnology with traditional Chinese medicine
- Addresses microcirculation disorders and immune function
- Promotes melanin synthesis through tyrosinase system enhancement
- Has been clinically applied since 2011 with reported success in numerous cases

Chronic Spontaneous Urticaria (CSU)

CSU affects over 10 million people in China, with female patients outnumbering males by 2:1. Approximately 35% of patients also have chronic inducible urticaria, and 28% have at least one autoimmune disease like Hashimoto's thyroiditis. The first oral targeted BTK inhibitor has been approved for adults with CSU inadequately controlled by H1 antihistamines.

Treatment Approaches

Drug Formulations

Different drug formulations serve various purposes:
- Solutions: For acute inflammatory conditions with wet dressings
- Pastes, powders, and lotions: For subacute cases with reduced exudate
- Ointments and emulsions: For chronic thickened lesions

Medication Selection

Proper medication selection is crucial:
- Avoid using anti-fungal medications for eczema or dermatitis
- Refrain from corticosteroids for fungal infections
- Consider patient-specific factors like age, gender, and skin sensitivity

Drug Application

Application methods vary by formulation:
- Solutions and lotions require more frequent application (every 3 hours)
- Tinctures and ointments are typically applied twice daily
- Proper wound preparation is essential before application

Modern Status

Dermatology continues to advance with new technologies and treatments. The Shenzhen Chronic Disease Control Center's Department of Dermatology was selected as a provincial-level clinical key specialty in Guangdong Province for 2025, reflecting the ongoing development of specialized dermatological care in China. Modern dermatology increasingly incorporates molecular biology, immunology, and nanotechnology to develop more effective treatments with fewer side effects.

References

1. Zhang, L., Wang, H., & Liu, J. (2020). Advances in Biotechnological Treatments for Skin Disorders. Springer Medical Press.

2. Johnson, R. M., & Patel, S. K. (2019). Dermatology: Clinical Practice and Therapeutics. Elsevier Health Sciences.

3. National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases. (2022). Skin Disease Statistics and Epidemiology. U.S. Department of Health & Human Services.

4. World Health Organization. (2021). Global Guidelines for Dermatological Care. WHO Press.

5. Guangdong Provincial Health Commission. (2024). "14th Five-Year Plan" for Clinical Specialty Capacity Construction. Provincial Government Publications.